MODIFIERS 2

===============================================================

6

MODIFIERS─NOUN ADJECTIVES

===============================================================

The first noun (N) in the following pattern is used as an adjective.

                                                       N            N

                        You are all language students.

NOTES:

a.       When nouns are used as adjectives, they do not have plural or possessive forms.

b.      EXCEPTIONS: The following nouns always end in –s but are singular in number when they are used  as names of courses or sciences: physics, mathematics, economics.

                                          N               N

He is an economics teacher.

                        BUT               

                                                                  Adj.           N

                                    The current economic situation is extremely uncertain.

===============================================================

ERROR EXAMPLES

1. WRONG :       He is taking some histories classes this semester.

RIGHT    :       He is taking some history classes this semester.

2. WRONG :       John turned in his term’s paper this morning.

RIGHT    :       John turned in his term paper this morning.

3. WRONG :       My friend is an economic major.

RIGHT    :       My friend is an economics major.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXERCISE 6 : Put  “C” if the sentence is correct. Put “X” if there is an error in the noun adjectives

_____1.  Tom drove past the police’s station on his way to work.

_____2.  Joan Sutherland is my favorite opera singer.

_____3.  I need to have my car’s license renewed.

_____4.  During the power shortage, the streets lights went out.

_____5.  He wanted to take an economic class.

_____6.  Many people are worried about the current world’s situation.

_____7.  The news reporter was at the scene of the accident.

_____8.  Phyllis and Julie put up the party decorations.

_____9.  Three footballs teams were tied for the first place.

____10.  Mike is the new mathematics professor.

____11.  We need some paper napkins for the picnic.

____12.  The students did not like the dormitory’s rules.

____13.  The marble floor felt like ice.

____14.  The television’s repairman picked up my television set this morning.

____15.  I went to three dances recitals last year.

____16.  John bought some leather gloves yesterday.

____17.  I need to buy a plane’s ticket.

____18.  He took many languages courses when he was in New York.

____19.  She put a new table lamp in her living room.

____20.  He is taking an advanced physic course this semester.

============================================================

7

MODIFIERS─HYPHENATED OR

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

============================================================

Noun (N) are sometimes found as part of hyphenated or compound adjectives (adjectives of more than one word joined by hyphens). These nouns are never plural.

                                 Hyphenated Adj.

            I bought a four-hundred-year-old painting in Hong Kong.

                                                     N

                                         Hyphenated Adj.

            The president gave a ten-minute speech.

                                                      N

=============================================================

ERROR EXAMPLES

1. WRONG :       I live in a two-hundred-years-old house in Rome.

RIGHT    :       I live in a two-hundred-year-old house in Rome.

2. WRONG :       He bought a three-hundred-dollars suit.

RIGHT    :       He bought a three-hundred-dollar suit.

3. WRONG :       The teacher told us to read the five-hundred-pages book.

RIGHT    :       The teacher told us to read the five-hundred-page book.

4. WRONG :       I have four fifty-minutes classes everyday.

RIGHT    :       I have four fifty-minute classes everyday.

5. WRONG :       She has just bought a new four-doors ford.

RIGHT    :       She has just bought a new four-door ford.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXERCISE 7 : Put  “C” if the sentence is correct. Put “X” if there is an error with a hyphenated adjective.

_____1.  We signed up for a three-hour lab.

_____2.  The police suspected a three-years-old man.

_____3.  My mother bought some five-dollars-a-pound cheese.

_____4.  John got a ten-speed bicycle for his birthday.

_____5.  I visited the five-thousand-years-old pyramids in Egypt last summer.

_____6.  John and Sue bought me a two-ounces bottle of perfume.

_____7.  My parents are going on a four-week European tour next month.

_____8.  Most ten-month-old babies cannot walk.

_____9.  They are studying the five-hundred-pages manual.

____10.  The smiths have just purchased a ten-rooms house.

 ================================================================

ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB

 ================================================================

Adjectives

      - An adjective tells us more about a noun. We use adjectives before nouns and after a

         few verbs (linking verbs such as  be,  look,  get, become,  go,  taste,  smell,  remain,  

         sound, keep, grow, turn, seem, appear)

      Examples:

-          Tom is a careful driver.

-          Be quiet, please.

-          She is beautiful.

-          I feel happy.

-          The dinner smells good.

-          Your friend seems very nice.

Adverbs

      - An  adverb tells us more about a verb.  We  also  use adverbs before  adjectives and

        other adverbs.

      - many adverbs are made from an adjective + -ly:

        adjective :  quick             serious             careful         quiet        heavy              bad

        adverb     :  quickly         seriously          carefully      quietly     heavily            badly

      Examples:

-          Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. (not ‘drove careful’)

-          Speak quietly, please! (not ‘speak quiet”)

-          We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily. (not ‘raining heavy’)

-          The examination was surprisingly easy. (adverb + adjective )

-          Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ( adverb + adjective)

-          Mary learns languages incredibly quickly. (adverb + adverb)

      -We can use an adverb before a past participle (VIII)

       Examples:

-          The meeting was very badly organized.

-          The building was totally destroyed in the fire.

-          The driver of the car was seriously injured.

      - Not all words ending in –ly are adverbs. Some adjectives end in –ly too. For

        Examples: friendly, lively, elderly lonely, silly, lovely.

      Compare:  - She speaks perfect English.           (adjective + noun)

                        - She speaks English perfectly.        (verb + object + adverb)

      - Good is an adjective. The adverb is well:

       Examples:

                        - Your English is very good.        You speak English well.

                        - Susan is a good pianist.              She plays the piano well.

        We often use well  with past participle (VIII) :

                        Well-dressed (not ‘good dressed’)    well-known    well-educated

        But well is also an adjective with the meaning ‘in good health’

                        - ‘How are you today?’ ‘I’m very well, thanks.’

      - Fast, hard, and late are both adjectives and adverbs:   

 

            adjectives                                             adverbs:

            Jack is a very fast runner.                  Jack can run very fast.

            Ann is a hard worker.                       Ann works hard. (not ‘works hardly’)

            The train was late.                              I got up late this morning.

            The adverb lately = recently.                                                              

-          Have you seen Tom lately.

     

      - Hardly has a completely different meaning from hard:

        Hardly  = almost not :

            - Why was Tom so unfriendly at the party last night?  He hardly spoke to me.

               (= he spoke to me very little.)

            - Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (= I can read it but only with a lot  

               of difficulty.)

Exercises: a.  Decide whether the underlined words are right or wrong. Correct those     

                      which are wrong.

01.  I waited nervous in the waiting- room before the interview.    

02.  Why were you so unfriendly when I saw you yesterday?

03.  It rained continuous for three days.

04.  Alice and Stan are very happy married.

05.  Tom’s French is not very good but his German is almost fluent.

06.  Eva lived in America for five years, so she speaks very well English.

07.  Everybody at the party was very colorful dressed.

08.  Ann likes wearing colorful clothes.

09.  Sue is terrible upset about losing her job.

10.  I lost the match because I played very bad.

11.  Those flowers smell sweetly.

12.  The child ran fastly to get to school.

13.  He was a highly motivated young man.

14.  Although he plays soccer well, he plays tennis bad.

15.  That loud music sounds badly to me.

b. Translate into English.

            01. Jane adalah seorang penari yang cantik.

            02. Jane menari dengan indah  tadi malam.

            03. Ini adalah jawaban yang benar.

            04. John dapat menjawab semua pertanyaan dengan benar.

            05. Dia bekerja dengan hati-hati.

            06. Dia seorang pekerja yang hati-hati.

            07. Guru itu menjelaskan mata kuliah itu dengan jelas.

            08. Makanan ini rasanya enak.

            09. Dapatkah kau berbicara lebih lambat ?

            10. Ucapan bahasa Inggrisnya sangat baik.

            11. Dia dapat mengerjakan pekerjaan itu dengan baik.

            12. Saya merasa sedih ketika saya membaca surat itu tadi malam.

            13. Komputer dapat memproses data secara efisien.

            14. Jika kau belajar kau akan dapat mengerjakan tes dengan mudah.

            15. Kamu harus mendengarkan percakapan itu dengan hati-hati.