PREPOSITIONS IN COMBINATIONS

1.    The following verb plus preposition combinations always appear as follows and must be learned together.

TO/FOR (PURPOSE)

Patterns for expressing purpose:

1. for + noun phase

INDIRECT OBJECTS

Some verbs may be followed by two objects (an indirect object and a direct object). The following shows the patterns used when verbs take two objects.

VERBS – PRESENT AND PERFECT PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES

1.      Present participle (V + ing) in introductory verb phrases express action of the same time as the main verb.

VERBS – PAST PARTICIPLES

The past participle is used in the following:

VERBS – VERBALS

1.      The following verbs can be followed by the infinitive  (to + v) as the direct object:

agree, forbid, mean, care, forget, offer, decide, hope,

plan, deserve, intend, pretend, refuse, fall, learn,

                        Mr. Smith and Mr. Parker deserve to be promoted.

                        They decided to leave early.

                        The secretary offered to come in early.

                        He hopes to see them again.

VERBS – MODALS

1.   After all modals use the simple form of the verb (V) . The following a list of modals:

            Can,  could, must, may, should, will, might, would, shall

            They can walk five miles without getting tired.

            They could walk five miles without getting tired.

VERBS – TIME CLAUSES

Use the simple present tense in future-time clauses (when the action will take place sometime in the future). (Never use will or going to in future-time clauses.) Time clauses are introduced by such words as: when, while, after, before, as soon as etc.

VERBS – CONDITIONALS

The types of conditional sentence can be read below:

VERBS – WISHES

- Present wishes are expressed in the past tense.

  1. Ralph wishes (that) he had $1000,000.          (but he doesn’t)

  2. Mary wishes (that) she lived in New York.    (but he doesn’t)

  

VERBS – TENSES

The following are common verb-tense problems:

1. Present perfect. Remember to use the present perfect only when the action has started in the past and still relates to the present.

I have been in the United States for six months.

She has played the piano since she was a child.

MODIFIER 5

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MODIFIERS─CAUSE AND RESULT

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MODIFIERS 4

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MODIFIERS─SAMENESS AND SIMILARITY

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Sameness and similarity are expressed by the following patterns:

MODIFIERS 3

MODIFIERS─DEMONSTRATIVES

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The demonstratives this and that (singular) and these and those (plural) must agree  in number with the nouns they modify.

Determiner

1 Articles : a, an, the

Study this example: 

VERBS OF DEMAND

            The simple verb (stem) is used for all persons in a noun clause after the following

            verb:

           

            demand                       advise                          be necessary

            insist                            request                         be essential

            propose                       ask                               be important

            suggest                        recommend                 be imperative

            urge                                                                 be vital

           

MODIFIERS 2

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MODIFIERS─NOUN ADJECTIVES

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The first noun (N) in the following pattern is used as an adjective.

                                                       N            N

                        You are all language students.

MODIFIERS

MODIFIERS

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MODIFIERS─ADVERBS LIKE ONLY

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Adverbs like only come as close as possible to the adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs they modify